树莓派入手，无显示器远程操作 | Ohmer's Blog

JerryXia 发表于 2018-11-07 21:45:45 , 阅读 (0)

烧录镜像文件

在mac下可以参考Mac OSX下给树莓派安装Raspbian系统

在Windows下面的话直接使用Win32 Disk Imager进行烧录。

初始化系统操作

激活root用户

raspberrypi系统默认提供的用户为pi，密码为raspberry，so，第一步我们就是要激活root帐号：

// 设置 root 账号的密码

sudo passwd root

// 启用 root 账号登录

sudo passwd --unlock root

但是需要注意的是，root帐号启用后，默认不支持远程登录。

配置ssh key证书登录

为了减去每次远程登录系统都需要手动输入密码，同样也更加安全，可以配置ssh key登录，ssh key的生成参考generating-ssh-keys

在服务端生成.ssh/authorized_keys文件

1 2	mkdir .ssh touch .ssh/authorized_keys

将本地的公匙复制到.ssh/authorized_keys文件中

1	echo XXXX >> .ssh/authorized_keys #XXXX替换成对应的公匙

或者直接执行

1	cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub \| ssh pi@192.168.199.121 'mkdir -p .ssh && cat - >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys'

网络配置

执行ifconfig命令,查看网卡物理地址，将该网址在路由器上绑定到固定的ip

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 38:22:db:e7:ed:0c // 物理地址

UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

然后执行sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces，将manual改为dhcp

1	iface eth0 inet dhcp

如果你有无线网卡的话，还要进行无线网络的配置，首先一样的需要将无线网络的网卡地址在路由器上绑定到一个固定ip。

1	wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e2:42:06:3e:w5:4e // 物理地址

然后需要将无线网络的名称和密码设置一下

iface wlan0 inet dhcp

wpa-ssid 网络名称

wpa-psk 网络密码

#wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

扩大系统容量

树莓派默认并没有完全加载SD卡的内存容量，通过运行sudo raspi-config调出树莓派的配置界面

选择第一项Expand Filesystem,确认重启后可以再执行df -h查看系统容量已经增大

替换软件源的国内镜像

国内有许多平台提供了树莓派的软件源的国内镜像，具体参考镜像列表。这里选择阿里云的镜像地址：

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

//将原来的注释掉，替换成如下软件源地址

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ jessie main non-free contrib

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ jessie main non-free contrib

PS：有些库国内镜像并没有及时同步，如果安装软件出现问题时，可以尝试再把镜像地址换回官方镜像尝试一下

安装常用软件

1	sudo apt-get install vim wget -y

安装samba

最后也来装个家庭内部NAS服务玩玩

// 更新源

sudo apt-get update

// 安装samba

sudo apt-get install samba samba-common-bin -y

创建samba文件夹

mkdir /samba

// 修改samba的访问权限

sudo chmod 777 /samba

安装好samba后，需要配置samba分享的信息，编辑/etc/samba/smb.conf文件，在文件的末尾添加如下内容：

[share]

comment = share folder

path = /samba

browseable = yes

valid users = root pi

public = yes

writable = yes

# Path to the directory you want scanned for media files.

# This option can be specified more than once if you want multiple directories

# scanned.

# If you want to restrict a media_dir to a specific content type, you can

# prepend the directory name with a letter representing the type (A, P or V),

# followed by a comma, as so:

# * "A" for audio (eg. media_dir=A,/var/lib/minidlna/music)

# * "P" for pictures (eg. media_dir=P,/var/lib/minidlna/pictures)

# * "V" for video (eg. media_dir=V,/var/lib/minidlna/videos)

# WARNING: After changing this option, you need to rebuild the database. Either

# run minidlna with the '-R' option, or delete the 'files.db' file

# from the db_dir directory (see below).

# On Debian, you can run, as root, 'service minidlna force-reload' instead.

media_dir=/samba/DLNA

media_dir=A,/samba/DLNA/Music

media_dir=P,/samba/DLNA/Picture

media_dir=V,/samba/DLNA/Video

# Path to the directory that should hold the database and album art cache.

db_dir=/samba/DLNA/db

# Path to the directory that should hold the log file.

log_dir=/samba/DLNA/log

$ sudo /etc/init.d/minidlna restart

//查看状态

$ sudo /etc/init.d/minidlna status

[ ok ] minidlna is running.

1	sudo vim /etc/rc.local

#!/bin/sh -e

# rc.local

# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.

# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other

# value on error.

# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution

# bits.

# By default this script does nothing.

# Print the IP address

_IP=$(hostname -I) || true

if [ "$_IP" ]; then

printf "My IP address is %s

" "$_IP"

#==============================

sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

sudo /etc/init.d/minidlna restart

#==============================

exit 0

参考内容

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