Linux：磁盘分区和挂载（parted和fdisk两种方式详细说明）

[root@z3 ~]# parted -lModel: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: msdosNumber  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags 1      1049kB  21.5GB  21.5GB  primary  ext4         bootError: /dev/xvdb: unrecognised disk label

[root@z3 ~]# parted /dev/xvdbGNU Parted 2.1Using /dev/xvdbWelcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list ofcommands.					                   (parted) help					//使用帮助查看        align-check TYPE N                        check        partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment  check NUMBER                             do a simple        check on the file system  cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER   copy file        system to another partition  help [COMMAND]                           print general        help, or help on COMMAND  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new        disklabel (partition table)  mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE                      make a        FS-TYPE file system on partition NUMBER  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a        partition  mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END     make a        partition with a file system  move NUMBER START END                    move        partition NUMBER  name NUMBER NAME                         name        partition NUMBER as NAME  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the        partition table, available devices, free space,        all found partitions, or a particular partition  quit                                     exit program  rescue START END                         rescue a lost        partition near START and END  resize NUMBER START END                  resize        partition NUMBER and its file system  rm NUMBER                                delete        partition NUMBER  select DEVICE                            choose the        device to edit  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the        FLAG on partition NUMBER  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the        state of FLAG on partition NUMBER  unit UNIT                                set the        default unit to UNIT  version                                  display the        version number and copyright information of GNU        Parted (parted) mklabel					//选择格式					  New disk label type? gpt (parted) mkpart					//选择分区的名称 Partition name?  []? part1 File system type?  [ext2]? 					//直接回车Start? 1          					//从1开始 End? 20G          					//选择20G大小(parted) print    					//查看结果Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvdb: 21.5GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: gptNumber  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   Flags 1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB               part1 (parted) mkpart   					//由于还有剩余空间，建立第二个分区 Partition name?  []? part2 File system type?  [ext2]?Start? 20.0GB     End? 21.5GB        (parted) print    Model: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvdb: 21.5GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: gptNumber  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   Flags 1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB               part1 2      20.0GB  21.5GB  1474MB               part2(parted) quit      Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.//查看结果[root@z3 ~]# parted -lModel: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: msdosNumber  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags 1      1049kB  21.5GB  21.5GB  primary  ext4         bootModel: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvdb: 21.5GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: gptNumber  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   Flags 1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB               part1 2      20.0GB  21.5GB  1474MB               part2

[root@z3 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks1220608 inodes, 4882432 blocks244121 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296149 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,	4096000Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root@z3 ~]# df -hFilesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/xvda1       20G  2.1G   17G  12% /tmpfs           938M     0  938M   0% /dev/shm[root@z3 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb2mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks90112 inodes, 359936 blocks17996 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=36909875211 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (8192 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root@z3 ~]# parted -lModel: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: msdosNumber  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags 1      1049kB  21.5GB  21.5GB  primary  ext4         bootModel: Xen Virtual Block Device (xvd)Disk /dev/xvdb: 21.5GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/512BPartition Table: gptNumber  Start   End     Size    File system  Name   Flags 1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB  ext4         part1 2      20.0GB  21.5GB  1474MB  ext4         part2[root@z3 /]# mount /dev/xvdb1 /mnt[root@z3 /]# mkdir /part2//输入错误了，但是通过这次操作可以发现，同一个分区是可以挂载在两个目录下的。[root@z3 /]# mount /dev/xvdb1 /part2[root@z3 /]# df -hFilesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/xvda1       20G  2.1G   17G  12% /tmpfs           938M     0  938M   0% /dev/shm/dev/xvdb1       19G  172M   18G   1% /mnt/dev/xvdb1       19G  172M   18G   1% /part2[root@z3 /]# umount /part2[root@z3 /]# df -hFilesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/xvda1       20G  2.1G   17G  12% /tmpfs           938M     0  938M   0% /dev/shm/dev/xvdb1       19G  172M   18G   1% /mnt[root@z3 /]# mount /dev/xvdb2 /part2[root@z3 /]# df -hFilesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/xvda1       20G  2.1G   17G  12% /tmpfs           938M     0  938M   0% /dev/shm/dev/xvdb1       19G  172M   18G   1% /mnt/dev/xvdb2      1.4G   35M  1.3G   3% /part2

//由于之前已经尝试分区过了，先删除，顺便记录一下删除惭怍。[root@z2 ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00078f9c    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvda1   *           1        2611    20970496   83  LinuxDisk /dev/xvdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xbc79a9bb    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvdb1               1        2610    20964793+   5  Extended/dev/xvdb5               1        2610    20964762   83  Linux[root@z2 ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdbWARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to         sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): d					//删除Partition number (1-5): 1				//选择分区Command (m for help): p		Disk /dev/xvdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xbc79a9bb    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  SystemCommand (m for help): n          		//新建Command action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)p										//新建主分区Partition number (1-4): 1				First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +19GCommand (m for help): n					Command action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)e										//再新建一个扩展分区Partition number (1-4): 2First cylinder (2482-2610, default 2482): 				//直接默认起始位置Using default value 2482Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2482-2610, default 2610):Using default value 2610Command (m for help): n					Command action   l   logical (5 or over)   p   primary partition (1-4)l									//在扩展分区上新建逻辑分区，直接使用所有的空间First cylinder (2482-2610, default 2482):Using default value 2482Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2482-2610, default 2610):Using default value 2610Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/xvdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xbc79a9bb    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvdb1               1        2481    19928601   83  Linux/dev/xvdb2            2482        2610     1036192+   5  Extended/dev/xvdb5            2482        2610     1036161   83  LinuxCommand (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.[root@z2 ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00078f9c    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvda1   *           1        2611    20970496   83  LinuxDisk /dev/xvdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xbc79a9bb    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvdb1               1        2481    19928601   83  Linux/dev/xvdb2            2482        2610     1036192+   5  Extended/dev/xvdb5            2482        2610     1036161   83  Linux

[root@z2 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks1246032 inodes, 4982150 blocks249107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296153 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8144 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,	4096000Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root@z2 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb5mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks64768 inodes, 259040 blocks12952 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354568 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8096 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (4096 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root@z2 ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00078f9c    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvda1   *           1        2611    20970496   83  LinuxDisk /dev/xvdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0xbc79a9bb    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/xvdb1               1        2481    19928601   83  Linux/dev/xvdb2            2482        2610     1036192+   5  Extended/dev/xvdb5            2482        2610     1036161   83  Linux[root@z2 ~]# mount /dev/xvdb1 /mnt[root@z2 ~]# mkdir /part2[root@z2 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb5mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks64768 inodes, 259040 blocks12952 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354568 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8096 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (4096 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root@z2 ~]# mount /dev/xvdb5 /part2